PRINSIP-PRINSIP KETERBUKAAN PARLEMEN

August 24, 2019

Uncategorized

Data berikut ini diolah berdasarkan draft deklarasi yang diluncurkan pada Konferensi e-Parlemen Dunia di Roma pada Hari Demokrasi Internasional, 15 September 2012. Perwakilan dari komunitas PMO telah mengembangkan prinsip-prinsip keterbukaan parlementer berikut ini.

Promoting a Culture of Openness
1	Recognizing Public Ownership of Parliamentary Information	Parliamentary information belongs to the public; citizens should be allowed to reuse and republish parliamentary information, in whole or in part. Any exceptions or restrictions to this principle shall be narrowly defined by law
2	Advancing a Culture of Openness through Legislation	Parliament has a duty to enact legislation, as well as internal rules of procedure and codes of conduct, that foster an enabling environment guaranteeing the public’s right to government and parliamentary information, promoting a culture of open government, providing for transparency of political finance, safeguards freedoms of expression and assembly, and ensuring engagement by civil society and citizens in the legislative process.
3	Protecting a Culture of Openness through Oversight	In fulfilling its oversight function, parliament shall guarantee that laws ensuring government openness are implemented effectively, that the government acts in a fully transparent manner, and that government also works to promote a culture of openness.
4	Promoting Civic Education	Parliament has a responsibility to actively promote civic education of the public, particularly youth, by promoting understanding of parliament’s rules and procedures, parliament’s work, and the role of parliament and its members
5	Engaging Citizens and Civil Society	Parliament has a duty to actively engage citizens and civil society, without discrimination, in parliamentary processes and decision-making in order to effectively represent citizen interests and to give effect to the right of citizens to petition their government.
6	Protecting an Independent Civil Society	Parliament has a duty to support measures to ensure that civil society organizations are able to operate freely and without restriction.
7	Enabling Effective Parliamentary Monitoring	Parliament shall recognize the right and duty of civil society, media, and the general public to monitor parliament and parliamentarians. Parliament shall engage in consultations with the general public and civil society organizations that monitor parliament to encourage effective monitoring and reduce barriers in accessing parliamentary information.
8	Sharing Good Practice	Parliament shall actively participate in international and regional exchanges of good practice with other parliaments and with civil society organizations to increase the openness and transparency of parliamentary information, improve the use of information and communication technologies, and strengthen adherence to democratic principles.
9	Ensuring Legal Recourse	Parliament shall enact legislation to ensure that citizens have effective access to legal or judicial recourse in instances where citizens’ access to government or parliamentary information is in dispute.
10	Disseminating Complete Information	Parliamentary information available to the public shall be as complete as possible, reflecting the entirety of parliamentary action, subject only to narrowly and precisely defined exceptions.
11	Providing Timely Information	Parliamentary information shall be provided to the public in a timely manner. As a general rule, information shall be provided in real time. To the extent that doing so is impossible, parliamentary information shall be released publicly as quickly as it is available internally.
12	Ensuring Accurate Information	Parliament shall ensure a process to retain authoritative records and guarantee that the information it releases to the public is accurate.
Making parliamentary Information transparent
13	Adopting Policies on Parliamentary Transparency	Parliament shall adopt policies that ensure the proactive dissemination of parliamentary information, including policies regarding the formats in which this information will be published. Parliamentary transparency policies shall be publicly available and shall specify terms for their periodic review to take advantage of technological innovations and evolving good practices. Where parliament may not have the immediate capacity to publish comprehensive parliamentary information, parliament should develop partnerships with civil society to ensure broad public access to parliamentary information.
14	Providing Information on Parliament’s Roles and Functions	Parliament shall make available information about its constitutional role, structure, functions, internal rules, administrative procedures and workflow, as well as the same information for its committees.
15	Providing Information on Members of Parliament	Parliament shall provide sufficient and regularly updated information for citizens to understand a member’s credentials, party affiliation, electoral mandate, roles in parliament, attendance, identities of personal staff, and any other information members wish to divulge about themselves and their credentials. Working contact information for the parliamentary and constituency offices of members shall also be available to the public.
16	Providing Information on Parliamentary Staff and Administration	Parliament shall make available information about its administrative functioning and the structure of parliamentary staff that manage and administer parliamentary processes. Contact information for staff responsible for providing information to the public should be publicly available.
17	Informing Citizens regarding the Parliamentary Agenda	Documentation relating to the scheduling of parliamentary business shall be provided to the public, including the session calendar, information regarding scheduled votes, the order of business and the schedule of committee hearings. Except in rare instances involving urgent legislation, parliament shall provide sufficient advance notice to allow the public and civil society to provide input to members regarding items under consideration.
18	Engaging Citizens on Draft Legislation	Draft legislation shall be made public and published upon its introduction. Recognizing the need for citizens to be fully informed about and provide input into items under consideration, parliament shall seek to provide public access to preparatory analysis and background information to encourage broad understanding of policy discussions about the proposed legislation.
19	Publishing Records of Committee Proceedings	Reports of committee proceedings, including documents created and received, testimony of witnesses at public hearings, transcripts, and records of committee actions, shall promptly be made public.
20	Recording Parliamentary Votes	To ensure members’ accountability to their constituents for their voting behavior, parliament shall minimize the use of voice voting in plenary and shall use roll call or electronic voting in most cases, maintaining and making available to the public a record of the voting behavior of individual members in plenary and in committees. Similarly, parliament shall minimize the use of proxy voting and ensure that it does not undermine norms of transparency and democratic accountability.
21	Publishing Records of Plenary Proceedings	Parliament shall create, maintain and publish readily accessible records of its plenary proceedings, preferably in the form of audio or video recordings, hosted online in a permanent location, as well as in the form of a written transcript or Hansard.
22	Publishing Reports Created by or Provided to Parliament	All reports created by parliament or that are requested or required to be submitted to parliament, its offices, or committees, shall be made public in their entirety, except in narrowly defined circumstances identified by law.
23	Providing Information on the Budget and Expenditures	Parliament has a responsibility to make public comprehensive, detailed, and easily understandable information about the national budget and public expenditures, including past, current, and projected revenues and expenditures. Similarly, parliament has a duty to publish information regarding the parliament’s own budget, including information about its own budget execution and bids and contracts. This information shall be made public in its entirety, using a consistent taxonomy, along with plain language summaries, explanations or reports that help promote citizen understanding.
24	Disclosing Assets and Ensuring the Integrity of Members	Parliament shall make available sufficient information to allow citizens to make informed judgments regarding the integrity and probity of individual members, including information on members’ asset disclosures, their parliamentary expenses, and their non-parliamentary income, including interest, dividends, lease payments or other in-kind benefits.
25	Disclosing Information on Unethical Conduct and Potential Conflicts of Interest	Parliament shall enact clearly defined rules to ensure disclosure of information necessary to protect against actual or perceived conflicts of interest and ethical violations, including relevant information about members’ interactions with lobbyists and pressure groups. Parliament shall also make public information on the final results of any judicial or parliamentary investigations into charges of unethical behavior, conflicts of interest or corruption.
26	Providing Access to Historical Information	Parliamentary information for prior sessions shall be digitized and made available to citizens in perpetuity for reuse free of legal restrictions or fees. To the extent a parliament cannot digitize and make available its own information, it shall work with outside organizations to facilitate public dissemination of parliamentary information without restriction. Parliament shall provide the public access to a parliamentary library in order to allow members and the public the ability to access historical parliamentary information.
Easing Access to Parliamentary Information
27	Providing Multiple Channels for Accessing Information	Parliament shall provide access to information about its work through multiple channels; including first-person observation, print media, radio and television broadcasts, and Internet and mobile device technology.
28	Ensuring Physical Access	Parliament and its plenary sessions shall be physically accessible and open to all citizens, subject only to demonstrable public safety and space limitations
29	Guaranteeing Access by the Media	Parliament shall ensure that the media and independent observers are given full access to parliamentary proceedings; the criteria and process for providing media access shall be clearly defined and publicly available.
30	Providing Live and On-Demand Broadcasts and Streaming	Efforts shall be made to provide citizens with real-time and on-demand archival access to parliamentary proceedings through radio, television and the Internet.
31	Facilitating Access throughout the Country	To the extent possible, access to parliamentary information shall not be restricted by geographic barriers. Although the use of parliamentary websites facilitates access to parliamentary information without geographic restriction, in countries where Internet access and usage is limited, parliament shall seek other means of ensuring public access to parliamentary information throughout the country.
32	Using Plain Language	Parliament shall ensure that legal or technical language does not serve as a barrier to citizens seeking to access parliamentary information. While recognizing the necessity of using precise language in writing laws, parliament has a duty to develop plain language summaries and similar tools to make parliamentary information readily available and understandable to members and citizens with diverse backgrounds and expertise.
33	Using Multiple National or Working Languages	Where the constitution or parliamentary rules provide for the use of multiple national or working languages in parliament, parliament shall make every reasonable effort to provide for the simultaneous interpretation of proceedings and rapid translation of the parliamentary record.
34	Granting Free Access	Parliamentary information shall be available to citizens for unrestricted access, reuse and sharing free of charge.
Enabling Electronic Communication of Parliamentary Information
35	Providing Information in Open and Structured Formats	Parliamentary information shall be compiled and released in an open and structured format, such as structured XML, that can be read and processed by computers, so that parliamentary information can be easily reused and analyzed by citizens, civil society, the private sector and government.
36	Ensuring Technological Usability	Parliament shall ensure technological usability of parliamentary information by providing clear instructions for the use of any online databases or tools that enable citizens to retrieve parliamentary information from the parliamentary website. To the extent parliament provides a user interface, it shall use best practices to improve its usability.
37	Protecting Citizen Privacy	Parliamentary websites shall have a clear and concise privacy policy to let citizens know how their personal information is being used. Parliament shall not employ membership or registration requirements that restrict public access to information on parliamentary websites or permit the tracking of personally identifiable information without explicit consent.
38	Using Non-Proprietary Formats and Open-Source Software	Parliament shall give preference to the release of digital information in non-proprietary and open formats, and the use of free and open-source software applications.
39	Allowing Downloadability for Reuse	Parliamentary information shall be easily downloadable, in bulk and in well-documented formats to allow for easy reuse of the information.
40	Maintaining Parliamentary Websites	Even in countries with limited Internet usage, the maintenance and regular updating of a comprehensive parliamentary website is a vital aspect of parliamentary openness in the modern, interconnected world. Parliament shall ensure that parliamentary information is available in electronic format and shall regard online dissemination as an essential means of communication.
41	Using Easy and Stable Search Mechanisms	Parliament shall make it as easy as possible for citizens to quickly find desired parliamentary information by creating databases enabling both simple and complex searches through the use of appropriate metadata. Information shall be available in a location that remains constant over time, for instance, on a webpage with a persistent URL.
42	Linking Related Information	Parliament shall seek to improve the ability of citizens to find relevant parliamentary information by linking parliamentary information to other related information, for example, by linking references in a bill history to earlier versions of the legislation, to relevant committee reports, to expert testimony, to sponsored amendments and to the portions of the Hansard that contain the record of parliamentary debate on the relevant piece of legislation.
43	Enabling Use of Alert Services	Where possible, parliament shall provide citizens the ability to subscribe to services to alert them to certain categories of parliamentary actions through the use of email, SMS text messaging, or other technologies.
44	Facilitating Two-Way Communication	Parliament shall endeavor to use interactive technology tools to foster the ability of citizens to provide meaningful input on legislation and parliamentary activity and to facilitate communication with members or parliamentary staff.

Arbain Administrator

Data berikut ini diolah berdasarkan draft deklarasi yang diluncurkan pada Konferensi e-Parlemen Dunia di Roma pada Hari Demokrasi Internasional, 15 September 2012. Perwakilan dari komunitas PMO telah mengembangkan prinsip-prinsip keterbukaan parlementer berikut ini.

Promoting a Culture of Openness

1

Recognizing Public Ownership of Parliamentary Information

Parliamentary information belongs to the public; citizens should be allowed to reuse and republish parliamentary information, in whole or in part. Any exceptions or restrictions to this principle shall be narrowly defined by law

2

Advancing a Culture of Openness through Legislation

3

Protecting a Culture of Openness through Oversight

In fulfilling its oversight function, parliament shall guarantee that laws ensuring government openness are implemented effectively, that the government acts in a fully transparent manner, and that government also works to promote a culture of openness.

4

Promoting Civic Education

Parliament has a responsibility to actively promote civic education of the public, particularly youth, by promoting understanding of parliament’s rules and procedures, parliament’s work, and the role of parliament and its members

5

Engaging Citizens and Civil Society

Parliament has a duty to actively engage citizens and civil society, without discrimination, in parliamentary processes and decision-making in order to effectively represent citizen interests and to give effect to the right of citizens to petition their government.

6

Protecting an Independent Civil Society

Parliament has a duty to support measures to ensure that civil society organizations are able to operate freely and without restriction.

7

Enabling Effective Parliamentary Monitoring

8

Sharing Good Practice

9

Ensuring Legal Recourse

Parliament shall enact legislation to ensure that citizens have effective access to legal or judicial recourse in instances where citizens’ access to government or parliamentary information is in dispute.

10

Disseminating Complete Information

Parliamentary information available to the public shall be as complete as possible, reflecting the entirety of parliamentary action, subject only to narrowly and precisely defined exceptions.

11

Providing Timely Information

Parliamentary information shall be provided to the public in a timely manner. As a general rule, information shall be provided in real time. To the extent that doing so is impossible, parliamentary information shall be released publicly as quickly as it is available internally.

12

Ensuring Accurate Information

Parliament shall ensure a process to retain authoritative records and guarantee that the information it releases to the public is accurate.

Making parliamentary Information transparent

13

Adopting Policies on Parliamentary Transparency

14

Providing Information on Parliament’s Roles and Functions

Parliament shall make available information about its constitutional role, structure, functions, internal rules, administrative procedures and workflow, as well as the same information for its committees.

15

Providing Information on Members of Parliament

16

Providing Information on Parliamentary Staff and Administration

Parliament shall make available information about its administrative functioning and the structure of parliamentary staff that manage and administer parliamentary processes. Contact information for staff responsible for providing information to the public should be publicly available.

17

Informing Citizens regarding the Parliamentary Agenda

18

Engaging Citizens on Draft Legislation

19

Publishing Records of Committee Proceedings

Reports of committee proceedings, including documents created and received, testimony of witnesses at public hearings, transcripts, and records of committee actions, shall promptly be made public.

20

Recording Parliamentary Votes

21

Publishing Records of Plenary Proceedings

Parliament shall create, maintain and publish readily accessible records of its plenary proceedings, preferably in the form of audio or video recordings, hosted online in a permanent location, as well as in the form of a written transcript or Hansard.

22

Publishing Reports Created by or Provided to Parliament

All reports created by parliament or that are requested or required to be submitted to parliament, its offices, or committees, shall be made public in their entirety, except in narrowly defined circumstances identified by law.

23

Providing Information on the Budget and Expenditures

24

Disclosing Assets and Ensuring the Integrity of Members

25

Disclosing Information on Unethical Conduct and Potential Conflicts of Interest

26

Providing Access to Historical Information

Easing Access to Parliamentary Information

27

Providing Multiple Channels for Accessing Information

Parliament shall provide access to information about its work through multiple channels; including first-person observation, print media, radio and television broadcasts, and Internet and mobile device technology.

28

Ensuring Physical Access

Parliament and its plenary sessions shall be physically accessible and open to all citizens, subject only to demonstrable public safety and space limitations

29

Guaranteeing Access by the Media

Parliament shall ensure that the media and independent observers are given full access to parliamentary proceedings; the criteria and process for providing media access shall be clearly defined and publicly available.

30